Communicating Effectively About Lipid Risks and Management

Transcript

This transcript has been edited for clarity.

Jorge Plutzky, MD: Hi. I'm Dr Jorge Plutzky, director of preventive cardiology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, and in that setting I direct our lipid clinic. I'm pleased to be here today to talk about how we communicate about cholesterol. And I'm pleased to be able to do that today with a patient of mine, Brian McMahon.

Brian, thank you for being here.

Brian McMahon: Thank you, Doctor.

Plutzky: Why don't you tell people listening how we came to connect in the first place.

McMahon: Well, it was around statins. I had been prescribed one probably 10 years ago, and I had an adverse reaction to it — a violent reaction. And the doctor just told me to stop taking it. So I did. And I never asked another question.

And then 10 years later, my GP in Connecticut said, "You should go get a calcium score exam. Insurance doesn't cover it. It's 90 bucks, and it'll be the best 90 bucks you ever spent." And then the numbers were not good. That led me to come and talk to you about what do I do now? What are my options? I had an adverse reaction to statins. I didn't think I could even take them.

Plutzky: That's so important. Really, the failure was in your physician not getting that initial follow-up: Okay, so you had this reaction; what are the potential explanations for that, and what could be the next steps?

It really should not fall upon you as a patient to have to push that. But in fact, when people are better educated about the issues in our system, sometimes you do have to be your own advocate and ask, "What's next?" And it's important for us in communicating these issues during that first encounter, which might be with a primary care physician or a cardiologist, but more often it's with a primary care physician.

We're more motivated when someone's already had an event — secondary prevention. Let's not have another one because the patient has now been through something scary: a heart attack or a stent or even bypass surgery or a stroke. Those really motivate people. But even in that setting, we often find that patients don't necessarily stay on treatment or don't necessarily get treated aggressively enough to the right LDL level.

So that becomes important to set the stage early about why we are doing this, and let's come up with options that are safe, usually well tolerated, and have been extensively studied.

McMahon: I think the key is that it is a silent killer, so you don't feel bad, you don't have a rash, you don't have a scratch. It's not painful, but it could kill you. But the very fact that it's just that the statin doesn't agree with you — that was a real mess, in my estimation.

Plutzky: Often in settings of primary prevention, you're trying to conjure up the future for someone, saying, "You know what? If we don't do something, we're going to run into issues." But those patients don't feel bad. You're right that it is silent, but that's where the huge opportunity exists: early intervention — identifying what that risk is and how many different options we have, like if someone doesn't succeed on or has an issue with a statin. We know that's uncommon, but people often do well with some of these other alternatives, including just a different statin, which was the case with you.

McMahon: Right. And I had no idea that that was even available to me. That was an eye-opener, that there are options available to me, that I can find different things that work; but for goodness' sake, you should be on it.

Plutzky: Yes, we often have patients do well on a statin. Some patients really can't take a statin.

We'll go through a couple different options. I often will lay out for people who think they're having an issue with the statin that there are three possibilities: One, it's not the statin, because in the clinical trials we see people who quit the placebo as often as they quit the statin. Sharing that with patients matters. It's possible that what one felt wasn't even related to the statin. Two, sometimes reactions are statin specific. We try a different statin and then someone does well. Sometimes that may be influenced by the fact that we've laid out the data and explained to a patient, "We know that statins are safe, effective, and well tolerated, and here's the benefit for you down the road."

Is that part of why that second statin now works? It's hard to know. I've had many physician patients who say, "I didn't feel great on that one, but now I'm on a different statin and I'm feeling, much better." So, everyone reacts differently.

McMahon: I love that you walked me into it too. It wasn't just, "Here's 20 mg. We started at 5 mg, then we went to 10 mg, now we're at 20 mg." You took the time to say, "I hear you and I heard what happened to you. So, let's walk into this." I lost 10 years of taking statins, which would have put me in a different place.

Plutzky: The fact is that the first dose of the statin has the biggest impact on reducing your LDL. And then as you titrate it up, which we do all the time — we have with you — the effect on the lowering of LDL is less impactful. That's why it can be a way in with people to say, "Let's start with this low dose." At least they're on something. And people often say, "Wow! I really feel completely fine on this." There are people who either just can't take a statin at all or who, once they're on the statin, aren't getting to a low enough or appropriate LDL number, and it's good to have those alternatives.

One of them is specifically theoretically designed for people who think they've had muscle issues with statin. Your issues were different, but bempedoic acid is an alternative. And even going beyond that, we now have injectable medicines that really are very effective at bringing down LDL.

When people hear injections, they're like, "Oh my gosh, I don't want to take an injection," but explain to people how easy it is to do those injections. It's basically just a pen against your skin. That really reduces their fear and their anxiety. But it's important to realize that we do have many tools for lowering LDL. If someone runs into a problem with the statin that you can't overcome, then it's important to move on.

So we should recognize how important it is to lower LDL. Realizing how many tools we have allows people to begin working through the process where the objective is: I want to get my LDL down, and if we can do it with a statin, then we're taking advantage of all this data we have about their benefits. But if that turns out not to work for a given patient, even after trying and explaining things, then let's move on. But let's get to that ultimate goal of lowering LDL as one component of risk.

I think there's nothing more empowering for the person you're dealing with than to share with them what it is that you know; that you know, based upon medical science and clinical trials, what that rationale is, because no one is trying to hurt themselves. If someone comes in who doesn't want to take a statin, it's not because they're trying to have a heart attack. They're not trying to hurt themselves. There's some barrier to what's motivating them, to what's keeping them from this therapy. We just have to better communicate what the goal is and what the basis is for pursuing this, and then finding your way through the woods of saying, "Well, that worked great and we've made it" vs "We've run into something, so let's go on a different path."

McMahon: I think that to me was the light-bulb moment, which was that experience with statin: Don't take it anymore. And then 10 years go by and now I'm in trouble. And then I find out that there is a wealth of opportunities. There are so many arrows in your quiver — not to make a Cupid joke, but there are so many arrows available to fix this, and I didn't know it. Now I do.

Plutzky: Yes, it's empowering. I think there's a challenge for us as caregivers to more broadly share what we know so that people are motivated and empowered to say, "I want to get treated. I want to do better. And I understand the extent to which this is a risk for me if I don't do better."

McMahon: Right.

Plutzky: So often there's a family history associated with that, too. Sometimes when I'm communicating with patients the idea of "You need to do this," especially patients with young kids, I'm communicating, "How you eat and your activity level is sending a very powerful message to your kids."

McMahon: Yes.

Plutzky: We're trying to eat healthy. We're more oriented toward vegetables. We're being active. Let's go for a walk. Let's go for a family run. Let's have a sport that we do together. Or even just the kids seeing you leave the house to say, "I'm off." "Where are you going, Dad?" "I'm going to play tennis." "Can I come with you?" And then…

McMahon: It creates a lifestyle.

Plutzky: Yes.

McMahon: Well, it comes back to: You have one heart.

Plutzky: Yes. Well, it's been a pleasure to have a chance to discuss what are really important topics. I mean, this is really impactful. Far beyond just your experience, it's the chance for other people to realize that these are issues that need to be recognized, dealt with; that people need to be empowered; and that ultimately it comes down to us about how to better communicate.

I'm always very focused on how can a patient know what I know and what I think matters based upon evidence, data, clinical trials. How do we share that and share that in very limited time windows? It's been a privilege to work with you, Brian, in a clinical setting, and I'm very appreciative of your taking the time to join us today.

McMahon: Thank you for getting me on the right path. I'm grateful.

Plutzky: Well, you've done that for yourself. Good talking to you.

McMahon: Likewise.

Comments

Commenting is limited to medical professionals. To comment please Log-in.

Comments on Medscape are moderated and should be professional in tone and on topic. You must declare any conflicts of interest related to your comments and responses. Please see our Commenting Guide for further information. We reserve the right to remove posts at our sole discretion.