Between 2011 and 2019, chronic cutaneous wounds accounted for about one third of all healthcare visits for cutaneous wounds, and the most common diagnoses were open wounds of the thumb without nail damage. However, fewer than 8% of chronic wounds were managed by dermatologists during this time.
Those are among key findings from an analysis of National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data between 2011 and 2019 presented as a late-breaking abstract at the annual meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology. "Cutaneous wounds were estimated to account for 28.1 to 96.1 billion dollars in US healthcare costs in 2014," one of the study authors, Rithi Chandy, MD, MS, a research fellow at the Center for Dermatology Research at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, said in an interview following the meeting. "By examining national trends in patient visits and treatment, we may be able to better inform healthcare utilization for cutaneous wounds."
Chandy and colleagues analyzed de-identified patient data from the 2011 to 2019 NAMCS for acute and chronic wound diagnoses, medications prescribed, and physician specialty categories. During the time studied, 5.76 billion patient visits were made, including 45.1 million visits for cutaneous wounds. Of these, the most common diagnoses were open wounds of the thumb without nail damage (7.96%), the lower leg (5.75%), nonpressure chronic ulcers of other parts of the foot (5.08%), and open wounds of the ear (5%).
Among all visits for cutaneous wounds, about one third were chronic cutaneous wounds, with the following descriptions: "Nonpressure chronic ulcer of other part of foot" (17.8%); "nonpressure chronic ulcer of skin, not elsewhere classified" (9.38%); and "ulcer of lower limbs, excluding decubitus, unspecified" (8.72%). "The frequency of patient visits per year during the study period remained stable for both acute and chronic wounds," Chandy said. The number of visits for which antimicrobials were used was stable over time for both acute and chronic cutaneous wounds, with the exception of increased use of antivirals for chronic cutaneous wounds, he added.
Specifically, prescriptions were issued in 156 million visits over the time studied, most commonly cephalexin (4.22%), topical silver sulfadiazine (1.59%), topical mupirocin (1.12%), and miscellaneous antibiotics (1.18%).
"Our data shows that topical mupirocin is the most commonly used topical antimicrobial for cutaneous wounds," Chandy said. "However, there are reports of emerging bacterial resistance to mupirocin. Our data can inform ongoing efforts to promote antimicrobial stewardship and drug development to provide alternative options that are less likely to induce antimicrobial resistance."
In findings limited to specialty-specific NAMCS data available from 2011 and from 2013 to 2016, dermatologists managed 3.85% of overall cutaneous wounds, 2.35% of acute wounds, and 7.39% of chronic wounds. By contrast, Chandy said, 21.1% of chronic wounds were managed by general/family practice physicians, 20.7% by internists, 6.84% by general surgeons, and 5.65% by orthopedic surgeons.
"As dermatologists are experts in the structure and function of the skin and are trained to manage cutaneous disorders including wound healing, we [believe that] dermatologists are equipped with the skillset" for managing wounds, especially for chronic ulcers, he said. The decline in dermatologists who specialize in wound care, he added, "underscores the need for structured dermatology fellowship programs to prepare next-generation dermatologists to address this shortage and ensure dermatology leadership in cutaneous wound healing."
Chandy acknowledged certain limitations of the study, including the potential for misclassification of diagnoses or medications prescribed and the fact that the NAMCS database is unable to provide insight into individual patient experiences such as continual cutaneous wound management for the same patient over time.
In the opinion of Shari R. Lipner, MD, PhD, associate professor of clinical dermatology and director of the Nail Division at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, who was asked to comment on the study, the most interesting finding was that dermatologists cared for a small minority of patients with cutaneous wounds. "It would be interesting to know whether this is due to dermatologist shortages or knowledge gaps on the part of primary care physicians or patients that dermatologists are trained to care for wounds," Lipner told this news organization. Other unanswered questions, she noted, "are patient demographics, geographic locations, and comorbidities."
One of the study authors, Steven R. Feldman, MD, PhD, professor of dermatology at Wake Forest University, disclosed that he has received research, speaking and/or consulting support from numerous pharmaceutical companies. No other authors reported having relevant disclosures. Lipner reported having no disclosures.